Are Investors Warned by Disclosure of Conflicts of Interest?

1. According to the paper, how does investment horizon affect individuals' mental representations of objects and events?

A

Investment horizon has no effect on mental representations.

B

Individuals focus on peripheral details for short-term investments and primary features for long-term investments.

C

Individuals focus on primary features for short-term investments and peripheral details for long-term investments.

D

Investment horizon only affects individuals' evaluation of analyst reports.

2. Which of the following statements is true regarding the "construal fit" effect?

A

It predicts that individuals with a proximal temporal perspective are more influenced by information associated with high-level features.

B

It predicts that individuals with a distal temporal perspective are more influenced by information associated with low-level features.

C

It predicts that individuals with a proximal temporal perspective are more influenced by information associated with low-level features.

D

It predicts that individuals with a distal temporal perspective are more influenced by information associated with high-level features.

3. Which component of perceived source credibility is affected by COI disclosures?

A

Perceived centrality

B

Perceived subordination

C

Perceived trustworthiness

D

Perceived expertness.

4. How does investment horizon moderate the impact of COI disclosure on investment willingness?

A

Short-term investors are more influenced by COI disclosure than long-term investors.

B

Long-term investors are more influenced by COI disclosure than short-term investors.

C

Investment horizon does not have a moderating effect on the impact of COI disclosure.

D

Investment horizon affects the perception of analyst's expertness but not trustworthiness.

5. What is the purpose of attention check questions in the study?

A

To measure participants' investment experience

B

To ensure data quality by identifying inattentive participants

C

To assess participants' familiarity with analyst research

D

To determine the effect of COI disclosure on investment decisions

6. How were the attention check questions presented to participants?

A

As the first questions in the survey

B

After collecting responses on the main variables

C

Randomly throughout the survey

D

As part of the manipulation checks

7. What was the effect of COI disclosure on investors' willingness to invest when the investment horizon was short?

A

No significant effect

B

Increased willingness to invest

C

Decreased willingness to invest

D

Mixed results depending on the participants' investment experience

8. According to this study, what is the effect of conflict-of-interest (COI) disclosure on investors' investment decisions?

A

COI disclosure significantly reduces investors' willingness to invest in recommended stocks.

B

COI disclosure has no impact on investors' willingness to invest in recommended stocks.

C

COI disclosure increases investors' willingness to invest in recommended stocks.

D

The effect of COI disclosure on investors' investment decisions depends on their intended investment horizon.

9. Which psychological mechanisms are identified as mediators for the moderating role of investment horizon on the effect of COI disclosure?

A

Investors' perception of source trustworthiness and expertness

B

Investors' risk appetite and financial knowledge

C

Investors' emotional biases and herd behavior

D

Investors' personal financial goals and objectives

10. In relation to accounting research, what implications do the results of this study have?

A

The study highlights the importance of investment horizon in investors' decision making.

B

The study emphasizes the need for more research on favorable stock recommendations.

C

The study suggests the need to examine the credibility of information providers.

D

The study calls for investigations into the economic consequences of disclosures.

11. What are the two potential limitations mentioned in the study?

A

Lack of focus on unfavorable stock recommendations and presentation of COI disclosures.

B

Inadequate examination of investment horizon and consideration of financial consequences.

C

Limited investigation of information providers and analysis of accounting measurements.

D

Insufficient research on favorable stock recommendations and investor decision-making.