Introduction to Computer Programming: Part 1, PRL Quiz 2.

Read the paper following paper to answer the quiz below.

Koutsellis, T., Xexakis, G., Koasidis, K., Frilingou, N., Karamaneas, A., Nikas, A., & Doukas, H. (2023). In-Cognitive: A web-based Python application for fuzzy cognitive map design, simulation, and uncertainty analysis based on the Monte Carlo method. SoftwareX, 23, 101513.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.softx.2023.101513

Question 1: What is the primary purpose of Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs)?

A

To offer a semi-quantitative representation of a system for understanding and decision-making.

B

To focus solely on the graphical representation of a system.

C

To replace traditional cognitive frameworks in diverse domains.

D

To provide a detailed quantitative analysis of a system.

Question 2:In FCMs, what do the edges between nodes represent?

A

Geographic distances between real-world locations.

B

Physical connections between system components.

C

Causal relationships between the concepts of the cognitive framework.

D

Hierarchical relationships in organizational structures.

Question 3: What is a key limitation of existing FCM software implementations as discussed in the paper?

A

Excessive complexity in user interaction.

B

Inability to handle uncertain information.

C

Complete absence of transfer function parameters.

D

Lack of support for graphical user interfaces.

Question 4: What distinguishes the In-Cognitive application from other FCM tools?

A

It is based on a proprietary platform, unlike other FCM tools.

B

It exclusively uses linear regression for uncertainty analysis.

C

It introduces Monte Carlo simulations for analyzing uncertainty.

D

It relies solely on closed solutions for software implementation.

Question 5: What is one of the future work directions mentioned for the In-Cognitive application?

A

Reducing the software's openness and accessibility.

B

Discontinuing the use of Monte Carlo simulations.

C

Implementing neural networks for regression processes.

D

Restricting the application to specific domains like energy or medicine.

Question 6: What role does the parameter λ play in FCM simulations according to the paper?

A

It is used to control the convergence of the FCM simulation.

B

It determines the physical layout of the FCM network.

C

It represents the number of nodes in the FCM network.

D

It dictates the graphical interface of the FCM software.

Question 7: How does the In-Cognitive application address the issue of the transfer function parameter β in FCMs?

A

It eliminates the need for any transfer function parameter.

B

It uses β only for certain predefined scenarios.

C

It assumes a fixed value of β for all simulations.

D

It allows for the definition or optimization of β for sigmoid and tanh transfer functions.

Question 8. What was the focus of the FCM model used in the illustrative example with In-Cognitive?

A

The development of new technologies in renewable energy.

B

The economic benefits of solar power in urban areas.

C

The diffusion of solar power in Greece and its socioeconomic impacts.

D

The impact of solar power on global warming.

Question 9. In the illustrative example, what did the standard deviation shown in the MCFCM results indicate?

A

The level of uncertainty propagation through FCM nodes.

B

The effectiveness of different policies on solar power diffusion.

C

The accuracy of the input data.

D

The financial costs associated with solar power implementation.

Question 10. How does In-Cognitive’s approach to selecting the lambda parameter benefit FCM analysis?

A

It guarantees that the FCM execution will always yield definite outcomes.

B

It ensures that the model focuses only on renewable energy sources.

C

It simplifies the mathematical complexity of the FCM model.

D

It reduces the need for expert knowledge in FCM methodology.

Question 11. What key feature does In-Cognitive introduce to the FCM simulation process?

A

Elimination of the need for input nodes in the FCM model.

B

Reduction of computational resources required for FCM simulation.

C

Automatic translation of FCM results into policy recommendations.

D

Integration of a Monte Carlo procedure for uncertainty analysis.

Question 12. What is one of the future development focuses for In-Cognitive mentioned in the paper?

A

Transitioning to a fully offline software application.

B

Integrating virtual reality elements into the FCM simulations.

C

Enabling exports of Monte Carlo simulation datasets.

D

Limiting the application to specific domains like energy planning only.