Steering capital: the growing private authority of index providers in the age of passive asset management

1. What is the purpose of indices? (refer pp 4-7)

A

To display the performance of specific economic entities in a single number.

B

To compare the performance of different industries.

C

To measure the rate at which banks lend to each other.

D

To provide numerical representations of complex financial systems.

2. According to the authors, what role do index providers play in equity markets?

A

They define the norms of what is considered acceptable in international finance.

B

They regulate and enforce compliance within the investment community.

C

They determine the composition and calculation of indices, influencing investment flows.

D

They assess and rate the creditworthiness of firms and countries.

3. What are the three conditions mentioned in the paper that underpin index provider authority? (Refer pp 4-7)

A

Technical expertise, brand recognition, and network externalities.

B

Intellectual property rights, reputation, and market segmentation.

C

Regulatory power, trust, and performance track records.

D

Government support, liquidity concentration, and benchmark coverage.

4. What led to the rise of index providers' authority in financial markets?

A

The concentration of the global index industry

B

The shift towards passive investing

C

The creation of ETFs and index mutual funds

D

All of the above

5. According to the authors, Index providers have become de facto private standard-setters over corporate governance.

A

True

B

False

6: What is one of the significant consequences of recent changes in the index provider industry?

A

Increased influence of states over index providers

B

Decreased power of international investors in relation to states

C

Emerging economies gaining control over index providers

D

Index providers becoming influential private actors in relation to states

7: How do index providers shape the norms of global finance?

A

By delegating the active investment decision to governments

B

By setting criteria for index inclusion/exclusion and market classification

C

By promoting a decentralized market structure

D

By prioritizing economic development as the main criterion for index inclusion

8. What is the main source of authority for the three big index providers mentioned in the paper?

A

Technical expertise

B

Powerful brands

C

Financial infrastructure

D

Market data and analytics

9. Which group of investors are considered the most important client group and stakeholder for index providers?

A

Hedge fund managers

B

Pension fund managers

C

Individual retail investors

D

Passive asset managers like BlackRock, Vanguard, and State Street

10. What is one area of study suggested for comparing index providers with rating agencies?

A

Influence on corporate governance

B

Financial market regulations

C

Methodologies and decision-making processes

D

Role in bond markets